This publication rethinks climate control through the lens of city climate phenomena over the course of the 20th century. Based on a history of climate control on urban scales, it promotes the integration of indoors & outdoors in order to reduce thermal loads in cities. The first part of the book explores the interwar period in Europe; the second part considers examples from all over the globe, tracing the growing significance of ecological thinking for the design of urban environments. This is the main outcome of a six-years research project on architecture and urban climate funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation.